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1 ἕλειος
A of the marsh or meadow, ἕ. ὕδωρ marsh-water, Hp.Aër.10; ἕ. δάπεδον the surface of the meads, Ar.Ra. 352 (lyr.).2 growing or dwelling in the marsh, ; τῶν Αἰγυπτίων οἱ ἕ. Th.1.110; βίος ἕ. Arist.PA 693a15; [ ζῷα] ἕ. ib. 674b31;σχοῖνος Dsc.
l.c.; ἀκτή Ps.-Dsc.4.173; ἕλειον, τό, = asparagus, Gloss. -
2 παχύς,-εῖα,-ύ
A 0-3-2-1-2=8 1 Kgs 12,10.24r; 2 Chr 10,10; Is 28,1; Ez 34,3ὕδωρ παχύ marsh water 2 Mc 1,20 -
3 μαλακός
A soft:I of things subject to touch,εὐνή Il.9
. 618;κώεα Od.3.38
;τάπης μαλακοῦ ἐρίοιο 4.124
;χιτών Il.2.42
, PSI 4.364.5 (iii B.C.);πέπλοι Il.24.796
; νειὸς μ. fresh-ploughed fallow, 18.541; λειμῶνες μ. soft grassy meadows, Od.5.72, cf. Il.14.349;πόας ἄνθος Sapph.54
;τάπητες.. -ώτεροι ὕπνω Theoc.15.125
; of the skin or flesh,μ. παρειαί S.Ant. 783
(lyr.); (anap.);σώματα X.Mem.3.10.1
; πρόβατα μ. soft-fleeced, D.47.52; τόποι πεδινοὶ καὶ μ., opp. hard, rugged ground, Arist.HA 607a10; οἱ κρημνοὶ οἱ μ. ib. 615b31;μ. πέτρα SIG970.8
(iii B.C.), PPetr.2p.6 (iii B.C.); μ. τέφρα a slow fire, Ph.Bel.89.36; soμ. πῦρ Androm.
ap. Gal.13.26;μ. ἀνθρακιά Dsc.2.76
; ὕδωρ μ., of marsh water, A.Fr.192.8 (anap.), Pl.Ti. 59d (cf. μαλθακός); of soil, X.Oec.19.8, Pl.Criti. 111b. Adv., μαλακῶς ἐνεύδειν, εὑδέμεναι, to sleep softly, i.e. on soft bedding, Od. 3.350, 24.255;μαλακώτατα καθεύδειν X.Mem.2.1.24
; καθίζου μ. sit softly, i.e. on a cushion, Ar.Eq. 785;ὑποστορεῖτε μ. τῷ κυνί Eub.90
, cf. 108; but ὡς μ. ἐσθίεις what dainty food you have! Thphr.Char.2.10.2 μαλακά (sc. σκεύη), τά, household utensils, Men.Per.Fr.3, Diph.19.II of things not subject to touch, gentle,θάνατος Od. 18.202
;ὕπνος Il.10.2
;κῶμα 14.359
; μ. ἔπεα soft, fair words, 1.582, 6.337;λόγοι Od.1.56
;ἐπαοιδαί Pi.P.3.51
;παρηγορίαι A.Ag.95
(anap.);αὖραι X.Oec.20.18
; μ. βλέμμα tender, youthful looks, Ar. Pl. 1022;μαλακὰ φρονέων ἐσλοῖς Pi.N.4.95
; μ. οἶνος mild, Arist.Pr. 873b34; μ. [φωνή] soft, Id.Aud. 803a8 ([comp] Comp.); of scent, faint, delicate, Thphr.HP6.7.4; of climate, mild, ib.6.8.1. Adv.μαλακῶς, αὐλεῖν Arist.Aud. 803a20
;ἐὰν τὰ σκληρὰ μ. λέγηται Id.Rh. 1408b9
.III of persons or modes of life, soft, mild, gentle, μαλακώτερος ἀμφαφάασθαι easier to handle, of a fallen hero, Il.22.373;ἐκ τῶν μ. χώρων μ. ἄνδρας γίνεσθαι Hdt.9.122
; -;ἀρνίου -ώτερος Philippid.29
; -ώτερον τὸ ἦθος τὸ τῶν θηλειῶν Arist.HA 608a25
;ἀρρένων καὶ μ. ἠθῶν καὶ πράξεων Phld.Mus.p.92
K.2 in bad sense, soft,μ. ἐν τῇ ξυναγωγῇ τοῦ πολέμου Th.2.18
;μ. ἦν περὶ τοῦ μισθοῦ Id.8.29
;πρὸς τὸ πονεῖν X.Mem.1.2.2
. Adv. -κῶς, ξυμμαχεῖν Th.6.78
; - ωτέρως ἀνθήπτετο attacked him somewhat feebly, Id.8.50;μ. φιλεῖν X.Mem.3.11.10
.b faint-hearted, cowardly, Th.6.13, X. HG4.5.16 ([comp] Comp.), etc.c morally weak, lacking in self-control, Hdt.7.153 ([comp] Comp.);ἀντίκειται τῷ μ. ὁ καρτερικός Arist.EN 1150a33
: c. inf., ;τὸ τρυφῶν καὶ μ. Ar.V. 1455
(lyr.); μ. οὐδὲν ἐνδιδόναι not to give in from weakness or want of spirit, Hdt.3.51, 105, Ar.Pl. 488; τὰ μ. indulgences, Epich.288, cf. X.Cyr.7.2.28.d = παθητικός, PHib.1.54.11 (iii B.C.), 1 Ep.Cor.6.9, Vett.Val.113.22, D.L.7.173.e of music, soft, effeminate,μ. ἁρμονίαι Pl.R. 398e
, 411a, cf. Arist.Pol. 1290a28; tuned to a low pitch, opp.σύντονος, χρῶμα μ. Cleonid.Harm.7
, etc.f of style, feeble,τὸ -ώτερον καὶ ταπεινότερον Phld.Rh.1.197
S.g of reasoning, weak, loose,λόγος Isoc.12.4
([comp] Comp.), cf. 5.149 ([comp] Comp.);λόγος λίαν μ. Arist.Metaph. 1090b8
. Adv. -κῶς, συλλογίζεσθαι to reason loosely, Id.Rh. 1396b1 ([comp] Comp.);ἀποδεικνύειν -ώτερον Id.Metaph. 1025b13
.3 weakly, sickly, - κῶς ἔχειν to be ill, Hermipp.58, Ps.-Hdt. Vit.Hom.34, Luc.DDeor.9.1; -κῶς διάκειται PCair.Zen.263.3
(iii B.C.).IV Adv. - κῶς, v. supr. I, II, III.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μαλακός
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4 μαλθακός
A soft,I of things subject to touch,ἄνθεα h.Hom.30.15
; δρόσος, γυῖα, Pi.P.5.99, N.4.4;γνόφαλλον Alc.34
;τύλα Sapph.50
; σιαγόνας μαλθακὰς τίθησι, of a boxer, S.Fr. 112; μέχρις οὗ (ευ Pap.)..τὸ βρέγμα τῷ σκίπωνι μαλθακὸν θῶμαι Herod.8.8
; of ground, stoneless,χῶρός ἐστι μ. A.Fr.199.5
;τὰ μ. γαίας E.Hipp. 1226
; ; μ. τινά, opp. στερεόν, Pl.Phdr. 239c; μ. ὕδατα, of marsh water, Hp.Aër.1; μ. πῦρ a slow fire, Id.Ulc.12; μ. νηδύες relaxed, Id.Aër.7: [comp] Comp.ωτέρα σικυοῦ Theopomp.Com.72
: [comp] Sup., Eup.319. Adv. -κῶς, κατακεῖσθαι to recline on soft cushions, Ar.Ach.70; φιλήσατόν με μ. ib. 1200.II mostly metaph., faint-hearted, cowardly,αἰχμητής Il. 17.588
;ὄκνος Alc.Oxy.
l.c.;μηδὲ μ. γένῃ A.Eu.74
;τὸ μ. βίου E. Supp. 883
; μ. τι ἐνδιδόναι show signs of relenting, Id.Hel. 508; also, weak, feeble, Ar.V. 714.b = κίναιδος, Cael.Aur.TP4.131.2 in good sense, gentle, mild,ὕπνος Hes.Fr.121.4
;μαλθακὰ κωτίλλων Thgn.852
; οἶνος ὡς -ώτατος mild, weak, Hp.Morb.2.44; μ. φωνά, ἀοιδά, κοινωνία, φθέγμα, Pi.P.4.137, N.9.49, P.1.98,8.31;μ. ὀμμάτων βέλος A.Ag. 742
(lyr.);μ. λόγοι S.Ph. 629
; (lyr.); ἐς τὸ μ. προσάγεσθαι to bring to a mild temper, E.Or. 714; ὀργὴ γέροντος μ. mellow temper, S.Fr. 894; (lyr.); of pain, -ωτέρας ποιεῖν [τὰς ὠδῖνας] Pl.Tht. 149d. Adv. gently, mildly,τὸν κρατοῦντα -κῶς A.Ag. 951
;σκληρὰ μ. λέγειν S.OC 774
: neut. as Adv.,μαλθακόν σφ' ἐπόψεται A.Ag. 1642
: [comp] Comp. - ωτέρως, παραμυθούμενοι Pl Sph.230a.—Mainly poet., esp. Lyr. and Trag. ( μαλακός being the Prose word), but also in Hp. and Pl.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μαλθακός
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5 λειμών
λειμών, - ῶνοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `moist, grassy place, humid meadow' (Il.), metaph. of flowered surfaces and objects (Ach. Tat., Philostr.);Compounds: Compp., e.g. βαθυλείμων (Pi.), - λειμος (Il., with transition in the ο-stems) `with grassy meadows'; ἀ-λίμενος `without harbour, refuge' (Att.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 77 f.).Derivatives: λειμώνιος `belonging to the meadow' (A., Arist.), f. - ιάς (S., A. R.), - ίς (D. P.), - ιον n. plantname, `Statice limonium' (Dsc., Plin.); λειμων-ιάτης λίθος name of a grass-green stone (Plin.). With suffix-change (after πῖδαξ, βῶλαξ etc.) λεῖμαξ, - ακος f. `meadow' (E. in lyr.), `garden' (Pherecr.) with - ακώδης `meadowlike, grassy' (Hp.), - ακίδες νύμφαι (Orph. A. 646; uncertain; codd. λιμνακίδων). - With diff. ablaut: λιμήν, - ένος m. `harbour, protected creek', also metaph. `refuge' (Il.), `assembly-, marketplace' (Thess.; after H. also Cypr.; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1,450f.). Dimin. λιμένιον (Str.; NGr. λιμάνι from Osm. liman; Maidhof Glotta 10, 14); λιμένιος `belonging to the harbour' (Paus.), λιμενίτης, f. - ῖτις `inhabitant of a harbour' (Corycos), of Priapos resp. Artemis as harbourgod(dess) (AP; Redard 23), λιμεν-ητικὰ χρήματα `harbour-taxes' (Cod. Just., with analog. - ητικά, if not itacistic fr - ιτικά), λιμεν-ίζω `build a harbour' (Polyaen.). - With enlargement after the ᾱ-stems and zero grade suffix (Schwyzer 524, Chantraine Form. 2 15): λί-μν-η f. `standing water, pond, sea, marsh' (Il.), Λίμναι pl. place in Athens, in Sparta etc. (Att.); compp., e. g. εὔ-λιμνος `with many seas' (Arist.). Many derivv.: 1. diminut. λιμνίον n. (Arist.). 2. λιμναῖος `living in seas etc., belonging to the sea' (IA.); 3. λιμνάς f. `id.' (Theoc., Paus.). 4. λιμνήτης, - τις (- ῖτις) `id.' (Theoc., Paus., inscr.), λιμνιτικά n. pl. name of a tax (pap.). 5. λιμνώδης `sea-, marsh-like' (IA.). 6. plantname: λιμν-ήσιον, - ησία, - ηστις, - ηστρον, - ηστρίς (Dsc., Gal.). 7. Denomin. verbs: λιμνάζω `build a λ., stagnate, put under water' (Arist.) with λιμνασμός `flood, inundation', - αστής `inund. surveyor', - αστεία `inund. work' (pap.), - ασία `marshy bottom' (Arist.); λιμνόομαι `build a λ.' (Thphr., Str.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [662?] * lei- [not well mentioned in Pok.]Etymology: The primary formations λει-μών and λι-μήν (with λί-μν-η), which show both in stem as in suffix old ablaut (Schwyzer 521 f., Chantraine Form. 170), are isolated in Greek and have outside Greek no counterpart; for the etymology we have only suppositions. Starting from the idea `moistness, standing water etc.' (thus Benveniste Origines 123) Bq with J. Schmidt Zur Gesch. d. idg. Vocalismus 2, 259 f. wants to connect Lat. līmus `mud', to which may belong, with anlaut. sl-, the words mentioned under λείμαξ; also those unser λείβω, e. g. OCS lьjǫ (with perhaps Lat. lītus "floodarea") might be considered. - Quite diff. WP. 1, 158 and Pok. 309: prop. *'low-lying, Einbuchtung' (cf. e. g. NHG Anger to ἀγκ- in ἀγκ-ύλος etc.) to Lat. līmus `oblique', līmen `threshold', withou m-suffix e. g. Latv. leja `dale, valley'.Page in Frisk: 2,97-99Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λειμών
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6 λιμναῖος
A of or from the marsh, ὄρνιθας χερσαίους καὶ λ. both land-fowl and water-fowl, Hdt.7.119, cf. Ar.Av. 272; of the crocodile,ἐὸν.. τετράπουν, χερσαῖον καὶ λ. ἐστι Hdt.2.68
; λ. κρηνῶν τέκνα, of frogs, Ar.Ra. 211; of the beaver, Nic. Al. 307; of an eel, Diph.Siph. ap. Ath.8.355d (vulg. λιμνία) λ. φυτόν water-plant, Plu.2.399f.2 of water, stagnant, Hp.Aër.7.II ([etym.] Λίμναι) of or from Limnae, epith. of Dionysus, from his temple there, Call.Fr.37 P.: but Λιμναῖον, τό, a temple of Artemis at Limnae, on the borders of Laconia and Messenia, Str.8.4.9, cf. Paus.3.2.6: hence she was called [full] Λιμνᾶτις v. λιμνήτης; also [full] Λιμναία, epith. of Artemis at Sicyon and elsewhere, Id.2.7.6, etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λιμναῖος
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7 τέλμα
A standing water, pond, marsh, swamp, Ar.Av. 1593, Pl.Phd. 109b, X.Oec.20.11, Men.Epit. 532, Thphr.HP1.4.2: pl., low lands subject to inundation, water-meads, Hdt.2.93, Thphr. Fr.174.1, Gal.6.709, 15.121, Jul.Mis. 358a; mud at the edge of a riverbank, Ael.VH12.46. -
8 τῖφος
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9 πηλός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `loam, clay, mud, dung, bog' (IA.).Other forms: Dor. πᾱλός (Sophr., inscr.).Derivatives: πήλ-ινος `made of clay' (D., Arist.), - αῖος `id., living in mud' (Man., Paus.), - ώδης `loamy, muddy' (IA.), - ώεις `id.' (Opp.; after εὑρώεις a.o.; Chantraine Form. 274, Schwyzer 527); - όομαι, - όω, rarely with περι- a.o., `made of loam. etc., to be covered in, to ballast with clay' (late) with - ωσις f. `besmearing', - ωμα n. `mud' (Charis.). -- Expressive denominat. προ-πηλακίζω eig. "to tread in the mud before oneself" = `to treat contumeliously, to insult' (Att.) with - ισμός m. `dishonour, reproach' (IA.), - ισις f. `insulting' (Po.); on the diff. of meaning Röttger Substantivbildungen 19. Prob. direct from πηλός after other verbs in - ακ-ίζω ( πῆλαξ only as explanation of πηλακίζω EM 669, 49; also pap. IIIa; πηλακισμός Suid.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Without convincing etymology. Several hypotheses: to Lat. palūs f. `standing water' etc. (Curtius 275 a. A. after Bopp etc.; rejected by Bq); to OCS kalъ `mud, dung', Lat. squālus `dirty' (Meillet MSL 13, 291 f.; against this W.-Hofmann s.v.); to Lat. palleō `be pale', πελιός etc. (Schulze Kl. Schr. 112; here after sch. also palūs etc.). Byforms πάλκος πηλός H. (recalling Lith. pélkė f. `swamp, (peat)-marsh'), πάσκος πηλός H. (so πηλός from *πασ-λός?; Sommer Lautst. 74). On the phonetics still Forbes Glotta 36, 242; farreaching speculations on the morphology in Specht Ursprung 64, 117, 187, 234 (all quite uncertain). --Further details w. lit. in Bq, W.-Hofmann s. 2. palūs and 2. squālus, WP. 1, 441 u. 2, 53. - So unknown; Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,528-529Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πηλός
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